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Static Routing

        Routing mak mekanizmu ida iha rede komputador ne'ebé uza atu determina maneira hanesan atu hahú ka direta tráfiku iha rede. Ida-ne'e signifika katak, bainhira mensajen ka dado sira tama ba rede, router sira hetan desizaun kona-ba hanesan rua hodi enkaminha informasaun ba sira nia destinu.

        Static routing (rota estátika) maka mekanizmu ida iha routing ne'ebé implica iha estabelesimentu manual hosi rota sira iha router sira. Ida ne'e hanesan kontrastu ho dinámiku routing, ne'ebé hatudu rota sira hosi router sira ho ajuda hosi protokolu routing, ne'ebé hatudu informasaun kona-ba kondisaun boot liu hosi rede no deside hodi hili rota sira.

        Iha static routing, administradór sira tenke konfigura manualmente rota sira iha router, hatudu endereçu IP destinu no mask mask sira ne'ebé hatudu ita ita boot liu hosi rota sira. Hanesan, administradór bele determina ho klaramente hodi hatudu hanesan ida boot liu hosi ne'ebe protokolu routing fahe iha dinámiku routing.

        Vantajen boot hosi static routing mak bele hatudu kontrol kompletu ba maneira hanesan tráfiku rota iha rede. Administradór bele hetan kontrol kompletu ba rota sira no hatudu desizaun kona-ba hanesan maneira atu direta tráfiku.

        Maibé, desvantajen boot hosi static routing mak bele sai laboriozu hodi administra, espesialmente iha rede boot no grande sira. Administradór presiza atualiza manualmente rota sira bainhira iha mudansa iha topolojia rede ka hanesan endereçu IP destinu.


Ita koko halo routing Statiko tuir imagem iha kraik neé :


  • Konfigurasaun neébe ita halo iha R1 hanesan tuir mai neé:
hostname R1
!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 40.40.40.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
clock rate 2000000
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
ip route 20.20.20.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.2
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end

Enquanto ita sh ip route sei mosu hanesan tuir mai neé;
R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 20.20.20.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 30.30.30.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.2
40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 40.40.40.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

  •  Konfigurasaun neébe ita halo iha R2 hanesan tuir mai neé:
 hostname R2!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 10.10.10.2 255.255.255.0
clock rate 2000000
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 40.40.40.0 255.255.255.0 10.10.10.1
ip route 30.30.30.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.2
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end

wainhira ita sh ip route iha R2 resultado hanesan tuir mai neé 
 
 R2#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial2/0
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.20.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 30.30.30.0 [1/0] via 20.20.20.2
40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 40.40.40.0 [1/0] via 10.10.10.1

  •   Konfigurasaun neébe ita halo iha R3 hanesan tuir mai neé:
 hostname R3
!
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 20.20.20.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
ip address 30.30.30.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface Serial2/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
clock rate 2000000
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.1
ip route 40.40.40.0 255.255.255.0 20.20.20.1
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end

wainhira ita sh ip route iha R3 resultado hanesan tuir mai ne
 R3#sh ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 10.10.10.0 [1/0] via 20.20.20.1
20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 20.20.20.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
30.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 30.30.30.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
40.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
S 40.40.40.0 [1/0] via 20.20.20.1


Koko halo teste Ping husi R1 ba R3

R1>ping 20.20.20.2

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.20.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/5 ms


Koko halo teste Ping husi R3 ba R1

 Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 40.40.40.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/5/9 ms

obrigado.

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DHCP husi Servidor

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) maka protokolu ne'ebé permite atribuisaun boot automátiku ba endereçu IP, subnet mask, gateway, DNS server, no informasaun sira seluk ba dispositivu sira iha rede. Hanesan, server DHCP mak mekanizmu ne'ebé fornece nia servisu hodi fó konfigurasaun sira ba dispositivu sira iha rede.

Nune'e, hodi implementa DHCP husi servidor, ita presiza hatene kona-ba:

  1. Instalasaun no Konfigurasaun Servidor DHCP: Primeiru, ita tenke installa no konfigura servidor DHCP iha servidor. Ida-ne'e inklui determina faixa hosi endereçu IP sira ne'ebé sei atribui ba kliente sira, konfigura gateway, DNS server, ka servidor DNS sira seluk, no estabelese lembra tempo hodi atribui endereçu IP ba kliente sira.


  3. Definição Faixa Endereçu IP: Ita presiza determina faixa hosi endereçu IP ne'ebé sei atribui ba kliente sira. Ne'e bele inklui endereçu IP range, subnet mask, no atribui DNS server.


  5. Konfigurasaun Gateway no DNS Server: Iha konfigurasaun DHCP, bele inklui informasaun sira kona-ba gateway (roteador) no DNS server sira. Ida-ne'e importante atu asigura katak kliente sira bele hatama tráfiku ba internet no bele resolve DNS.


  7. Levantamentu Tempo Lease: Ita bele determina kuantu tempu boot lease endereçu IP sei dura. Ida-ne'e importante atu asigura katak endereçu IP sira ne'ebé atribui ba kliente sira laiha estasiona durante tempu boot liu, no bele ajuda kontrola endereçu IP sira iha rede.


  9. Monitorizasaun no Diagnóstiku: Diak liu, ita bele monitoriza atividade DHCP servidor nian no halo diagnóstiku hodi hatene se iha problema sira ka kliente sira laiha recebimento boot konfigurasaun ne'ebé apropriadu.

Iha maneira ida ne'e, ita bele estabelese servidor DHCP ne'ebé sei fó atribuisaun boot automátiku ba endereçu IP no konfigurasaun sira seluk ba kliente sira iha rede. Ida-ne'e bele fó boot efisiénsia, fleksibilidade, no kontrol ba administra ba rede.


 1. Konfirugasaun iha router ita la halo konfigurasaun barak so ita defini deit ita ida néebe ita atu fo     ba   ita nia rede Local neé. Konfirugarasaun iha router mak hanesan iha kraik nee:

hostname RtrISP
!
ip cef
no ipv6 cef
!
spanning-tree mode pvst
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
ip flow-export version 9
!
line con 0
!
line aux 0
!
line vty 0 4
login
!
end

2. Konfigurasaun iha Servidor
 click iha servidor depois tau ip hanesan iha kraik :
  > click iha interface
   
> click iha setting hanesan image iha kraik
> tau ip
 

> click fali iha Service depois click DHCP
> tau ip hanesan iha imagem neé depis save.
 
 > click fila fali ba iha Komputador Cliente depois hili dhcp
>  koko loke cmd iha pc client depois ping tok ba iha gateway hare imagem iha kraik
 
> wainhira ita ping ba gateway sei fo resultado hanesan iha leten katak iha ligasaun entre PC client ho servidor e ho router. keta haluha koko ping tok husi servidor mai pc client...

obrigado.


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